Sandra Maasalu: Kokkuv\u00f5te Hindrek Lootuse loengust<\/p>\n\n\n\n
14. aprillil oli RSRis k\u00fclas Tallinna \u00dclikooli Riigiteaduste Instituudi Euroopa \u00f5pingute lektor Hindrek Lootus praegu kuuma teemaga “Moldova: ida ja l\u00e4\u00e4ne vahel”:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lootus k\u00e4is OSCE egiidi all vaatlemas eelmisi parlamendivalimisi 2007. aastal. Ta on \u00fche v\u00e4hese eestlasena k\u00e4inud ka kurikuulsas separaatpiirkonnas Transnistrias. Loengu pealkiri on laenatud Marianne Mikko vastilmunud raamatult “Moldova – l\u00e4\u00e4ne ja ida vahel”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Moldovlased on etniliselt rumeenlased. Moldova keel on kerge dialekt rumeenia keelest. Moldova on naabritel k\u00e4est k\u00e4tte k\u00e4inud, olles nii B\u00fctsantsi, Austria-Ungari kui Vene impeeriumi osa. Kuldne iseseisvusperiood oli 14.15. saj. Moldova kuulub ajalooliselt samanimelise Rumeenia regiooni k\u00fclge. N\u00fc\u00fcdne riik eraldati sellest esimest korda 1812. aastal, mil see liideti Bessaraabia nime all Vene impeeriumig. I MSi l\u00f5pul sai Bessaraabia taas Rumeenia, mida aga Venemaa kunagi ei tunnustanud. 1940. aastal v\u00f5ttis NSVL ala Rumeenialt \u00e4ra, liites sellega Dnestri-taguse maariba (Transnistria) Ukraina k\u00fcljest ja andes Ukrainale vastu Musta mere rannikuala t\u00fcki. Transnistrias oli juba enne loodud ANSV. Neid ebaloomulikke piire NSVLi lagunedes ei muudetud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Moldovale kukkus iseseisvus lihtsalt s\u00fclle. Vabaduse asemel k\u00e4is p\u00f5hiline v\u00f5itlus rahvusliku identiteedi \u00fcmber, milles t\u00e4htsaim oli keelek\u00fcsimus. N\u00f5ukogude ajal kirjutati moldova keelt kirillitsas, kuid n\u00fc\u00fcd v\u00f5itles sealne Rahvarinne v\u00e4lja \u00f5iguse seda taas ladina t\u00e4hestikus kirjutada. Keele k\u00fcsimus ja jutud \u00fchinemisets Rumeeniaga muutsid \u00e4revaks Moldova nn n\u00f5ukogude inimesed (Moldovas j\u00f5uti homo soveticuse aretamisega miskip\u00e4rast k\u00f5ige kaugemale: massilislet v\u00f5eti \u00fcle vene keel). N\u00f5ukogude inimesed organiseerusid ja nende kantsiks sai Transnistria t\u00f6\u00f6stuspiirkond, kus paiknes ka N\u00f5ukogude 14. armee. Nii juhtuski, et Moldova iseseisvudes oli tal faktiline kontroll Transnistria \u00fcle kadunud. Viimane kuulutas v\u00e4lja iseseisvuse, mida keegi pole tunnustanud. P\u00e4rast v\u00e4ikest s\u00f5da 1992. aastal t\u00f5i Venemaa sinna oma rahuvalvajad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Moldova areng j\u00e4i n\u00f5ukogude aja l\u00f5ppu toppama. Viimasel ajal on tekkinud kinnisidee, et saadakse ELi. Midagi selleks aga \u00e4ra ei tehta. Rumeeniaga \u00fchinemisest asja ei saanud ja ega Rumeenia isa ka tahtnud. Moldovlastel puudub varasem iseseisvuse kogemus ja oma identiteet. Veel on problemeiks T\u00fcrgi p\u00e4ritolu kristlased gagauusid, kes r\u00e4\u00e4kisid endale v\u00e4lja autonooma ja n\u00f5uavad alati v\u00f5rdsust Transnistriaga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Moldova on t\u00f5esti Euroopa vaeseim riik. NSVLi ajal elas h\u00e4sti, kuid t\u00e4na on puhas agraarriik anakronism. T\u00f6\u00f6stus ja energeetika j\u00e4i aga Dnestri taha. Kolmandik kuni pool t\u00f6\u00f6elistest t\u00f6\u00f6tab v\u00e4lismaal ja sama suur osa Moldova riigieelarvest tuleb nende kojusaadetavast rahast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kommunistid eesotsas Vladimir Voroniniga on v\u00f5imul alates 2001. aastast. Valmistel protsessi rikkumisi polnud, kuid meediakajastus oli v\u00f5imupartei poole kallutatud. Soov ELiga liituda on sundinud p\u00f6\u00f6rama pilgu L\u00e4\u00e4nde. Moldova on Palestiina j\u00e4rel suurim ELilt abi saaja, kuid korruptsiooni t\u00f5ttu see lihtsalt kaob kuhugi. Nii Moldova kui Transnistria paistavad silma inimkaubandusega. Transnistria identiteet baseerub Moldova NSVl, lippki on viimaselt laenatud. Majanduslikult toimib Transnistria relva\u00e4ri ja salakaubanduse ja Venemaa toe t\u00f5ttu aga iseseisvalt. tegu on kitsa maaribaga Ukraina piiril, kus elab 0,5 mln inimest, kellest on v\u00f5rdselt kolmandik venelasi, ukrainlasi ja rumeenlasi, kes on v\u00e4ga segunenud. K\u00f5ik kolm on ametlikud keeled, aga faktilislet domineerib vene keel. Kujunemas on oma identiteet. Tegemist on v\u00e4ga militariseeritud piirkonnaga, vaenlane on selgelt Moldova koos Rumeeniaga. Etnilist ega usulist vaenu Molodvaga pole. On arvamus, et seni kuni Venemaa on konfliktist Transnistria \u00fcle huvitatud, see ei lahene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Konspekteeris Sandra Maasalu<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sandra Maasalu: Kokkuv\u00f5te Hindrek Lootuse loengust 14. aprillil oli RSRis k\u00fclas Tallinna \u00dclikooli Riigiteaduste Instituudi Euroopa \u00f5pingute lektor Hindrek Lootus praegu kuuma teemaga “Moldova: ida ja l\u00e4\u00e4ne vahel”: Lootus k\u00e4is OSCE egiidi all vaatlemas eelmisi parlamendivalimisi 2007. aastal. Ta on \u00fche v\u00e4hese eestlasena k\u00e4inud ka kurikuulsas separaatpiirkonnas Transnistrias. Loengu pealkiri on laenatud Marianne Mikko vastilmunud […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,80],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loengud","category-80"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1374"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1374\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}